About me
- First name: NUR AFIFA BINTI ABDUL PATAH
- Faculty: MJIIT
- Student ID: A17MJ0103
- Display name: NUR AFIFA BINTI ABDUL PATAH
Profile information
- First name: NUR AFIFA BINTI ABDUL PATAH
- Email address: nurafifa@graduate.utm.my
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Industrial Training Experience
design process (mass and energy balance)
RSS
PROCESS OF MAKING MILK POWDERED
SEPARATION/STANDARDIZATION
The conventional process for the production of milk powders starts with taking the raw milk received at the dairy factory and pasteurizing and separating it into skim milk and cream using a centrifugal cream separator. If whole milk powder (WMP) is to be manufactured, a portion of the cream is added back to the skim milk to produce a milk with a standardized fat content
PREHEATING
The next step in the process is “preheating” during which the standardised milk is heated to temperatures between 75 and 120C and held for a specified time from a few seconds up to several minutes. Preheating causes a controlled denaturation of the whey proteins in the milk and it destroys bacteria, inactivates enzymes, generates natural antioxidants and imparts heat stability. Preheating may be either indirect (via heat exchangers), or direct (via steam injection or infusion into the product), or a mixture of the two.
EVAPORATION
In the evaporator the preheated milk is concentrated in stages or “effects” from around 9.0% total solids content for skim milk and 13% for whole milk, up to 45-52% total solids. This is achieved by boiling the milk under a vacuum at temperatures below 72C in a falling film on the inside of vertical tubes, and removing the water as vapour.
This vapour, which may be mechanically or thermally compressed, is then used to heat the milk in the next effect of the evaporator which may be operated at a lower pressure and temperature than the preceding effect.
SPRAY DRYING
Spray drying involves atomising the milk concentrate from the evaporator into fine droplets. This is done inside a large drying chamber in a flow of hot air (up to 200C) using either a spinning disk atomiser or a series of high pressure nozzles. The milk droplets are cooled by evaporation and they never reach the temperature of the air.
PACKAGING AND STORAGE
Milk powders are immensely more stable than fresh milk but protection from moisture, oxygen, light and heat is needed in order to maintain their quality and shelf life
WMPs are often packed under nitrogen gas to protect the product from oxidation and to maintain their flavour and extend their keeping quality. Packaging is chosen to provide a barrier to moisture, oxygen and light. Bags generally consist of several layers to provide strength and the necessary barrier properties.
Shipments of milk powder should never suffer prolonged exposure to direct sunshine especially in tropical countries
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NUR AFIFA BINTI ABDUL PATAH - 19 October 2020, 5:44 PM
I'm a student from MJIIT.
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Industrial Training Experience
It was an exciting day as I can have my internship after the government has loosen the MCO and allowing the student to do their internship. It was a long waiting moment for me since I was really eager to be a part of the industries. For me, industrial training is the time where the student can have a clear vision on how to relate the theory learned in the class with the industries. Student will be more aware about the real situation and the problem faced in the industries. They will start to think on how to overcome the problem and start to use their knowledge. This situation will make them realize the important of knowing and understanding the course that they learned.
20 July 2020, I went for my industrial training. I get a chance to execute my industrial training at Syarikat Air Terengganu Sdn. Bhd. or also known as SATU. Throughout my internship, I got to learn lots of new things and know many people. Overall, I think my task and project given to me had relate with what I have learn in the class. On the first day, I went to site visit with my industrial supervisor and he explain the whole process at the plant. On the same day too, we did discuss about the project and the task that I need to complete during my internship. I got a task to understand the process better which was to know the standard that had been set for Alum used in water treatment plant. For this task, I knew the organization related to set the standard for the chemical used in industries and got to know more about characteristic of Alum, the usage of Alum in water treatment and how to use the Alum. Other than that, I also need to calibrate hydrometer which is important to check the concentration of Alum that will be used in treatment process. Another important things that need to be done in knowing the right dosage of Alum used in the treatment process was jar test. During the internship I had a chance to execute the jar test. Next task was I need to monitor the water quality of treated water.
Aside from the task related with Alum, I also given a task related to the management of water treatment waste which is sludge. I need to propose the potential of sludge as a substituent in construction material. In this project, I am more focusing on the usage of the sludge as a brick. From my findings, I can conclude that sludge can be used in making a brick. The usage of sludge in brick can help to reduce the landfilling as usually sludge was disposed by landfilling in Malaysia. My last project during internship was design a new chlorine system in WTP1 and find a specification for pump used for the system. To complete this project, I learn on how to make a design based on the existing plant. I also learned more about pump, chlorinator and learned how to prepare a bill of quantity (BQ).
During my internship, I was very happy and comfortable because all the staff there were very nice to me. They always help me to finish my task and project by giving ideas and information. The positive vibes from the staff really help me to adapt with the new surrounding. I learned a lot from this industrial training and it does help me to understand what I had learn in the class better.