About me
- First name: ARCHANAA A/P VEJAYA KUMAR
- Student ID: A18CS0035
ARCHANAA A/P VEJAYA KUMAR's friends
ARCHANAA A/P VEJAYA KUMAR's portfolios
Drug Abuse
Skip Classes
Exhausted during Daily Activities
Fall Asleep in Class
Daytime Sleepiness
Sleep Deprivation
Digital logic lab 4
Trip to Senai Airport
Our prototype
Testing of prototype
Prototype in progress
design thinking discussion
design thinking discussion
IOT TALK
Visit to CICT
Glow talk
Pc assembling
Pc assembling
NALI TALK
SCSR Photoshoot
Anova
F test statistics > F critical value
29.05 > 3.71*10-8
∴Reject null hypothesis. At least one mean is different. The mean of the categories which is for fun, friends influence, curiosity and depression are different.
Regression
Correlation
r = 0.5757467
The correlation is 0.5757467, therefore its reasonable to conclude
that caused of taking drug for fun increase the total number of
drug cass.
Hypothesis testing-2 samples
Factors of drug abuse
Methods we used:
- Hypothesis Testing-2 SAmple
- Correlation
- Regression
- Anova
Factors of drug abuse
For project 2 we did a case study based on the data provided by Ministry of Home Affairs. The data is about the factors of drugs being abused. In 2016, highest number of people recorded for drug abuse and the least number was in 2012.
We get to know that he main factor of drug abuse is friend's influence. About 84,243 of them are influenced by their friend from year 2010-2016. The least factor is depression.
In conclusion, it is known that for fun, friend's influence, curiosity and depression are the factors of drugs being abused. Higher authorities should take action, so that drug abused people can be helped.
PSDA Project 2
Data of FACTORS OF DRUG ABUSE:
questionnaire
Sleep Deprivation
This project is about sleep deprivation among UTM students. We did survey in order to collect data on this topic, where 69 students responded to the survey.
From this survey we found that the major cause of sleep deprivation is studies until late night. Students are not having enough sleep during night. Next, 21 of them responded that gaming is the cause of sleep deprivation. Least number of them vote for works.
Because of sleep deprivation 39 of them are experiencing drop in academic. Furthermore, from the data we get to know that 50 students sometimes feel daytime sleepiness and 54 students feel exhausted during daily activities. 46 out of 69 students have never been skipped class because of sleep deprivation. In addition, 10 of them fall asleep in class very often.
As a conclusion, based on the survey students are sleep deprived because of many factors such as studying late night and playing games. Students also faces consequences of sleep deprivation such as falling asleep in class and get tired. Students should take actions to avoid sleep deprivation. They have to manage their time efficiently.
- pictures of the graphs are provided in image tab
PSDA Project 1
This project is about sleep deprivation among UTM students. We did survey in order to collect data on this topic, where 69 students responded to the survey.
Database
- Describe the five logical data groups or categories.
Character is the most logical data element, it is a single number, number, or special character. Field is next higher level, represents an attribute of some entity. Record is the collection of related fields, represents a collection of attributes that describe an entity. Table is a collection of related records. Database is integrated collection of logically related tables.
- What is the difference between batch processing and real-time processing?
In batch process data is collected over several hours, days, or even weeks while in real-time processing data is processed at the same time the transaction occurs.
- Identify and define the five parts of DBMS programs.
There are five types of data models called hierarchical, network, relational, multidimensional, and object-oriented.
Hierarchical Database is fields/records are structured in nodes: one parent per child and no relationships or connections between the child nodes themselves. Network Database has a hierarchical arrangement of nodes; a node can be reached through more than one path. Relational Database is a flexible type of organization, there are no access paths down hierarchy; the data elements are stored in different tables that consists of rows and columns. Multidimensional Database is the variation and extension of the relational data model, complex relationships between data can be represented and efficiently analyzed. Object-Oriented Database are flexible and store data and manipulate the instructions of the data.
- Describe each of the four common database models.
- Individual: is used by one person
- Company: stored on central server, accessed by multiple people
- Distributed: spread out geographically; accessed by communication links.
- Commercial: enormous; for particular subjects.
- What are some of the benefits and limitations of databases? Why is security a concern?
Some of the benefits and limitations include great opportunities for productivity and help users to keep up to date and to plan for the future. This is a security concern because personal and private information about people stored in databases may be used for the wrong purposes.
Information System
- Name and discuss the five common functions of most organizations.
First function is accounting where records all financial activity from billing customers to paying employees. Then, in Marketing design plans, prices, promotes, sells, and distributes the organization’s goods and services.Human resources – focuses on people—hiring, training, promoting, and other human-centered activities.Production – actually creates finished goods and services using raw materials and personnel.Research – identifies, investigates, and develops new products and services.
- Discuss the roles of the three kinds of management in a corporation.
In management level top managers ivolved with long-range planning; responsible for strategic planning; need highly summarized information; also need information from outside sources. Middle management responsible for tactical planning or control planning and decision making; need summarized weekly or monthly information; responsible for long term goal implementation.Supervisors communicate mainly with their middle management and the workers they supervise underneath their level of management.
- What are the four most common computer-based information systems?
Transaction processing system records day-to-day transactions, such as customer orders, bills, inventory levels, and production output. Management information system summarizes the detailed data of the transaction processing system in standard reports for middle-level managers. Decision support system provides a flexible tool for analysis. Executive support system presents information in a very highly summarized form.
- Describe the different reports and their roles in managerial decision making.
There are three types of reports which are periodic report, exception report and demand report. Periodic report are produced at regular intervals. Exception report call attention to unusual events. Demand reports is the opposite of the periodic report. This report is only produced upon request.
Privacy, Security and Ethics
- Plagiarism
- ITs an unethical practice where one copy or steal others work or idea and presenting it as their own work.
- The rate of plagiarism nowadays are increasing drastically.
- Especially plagiarism is a common thing among students.
- If you as a student caught plagiarising it can have consequences in your future studies and work.
- Ways to Prevent Plagiarism
- USE GOOGLE SEARCH
- YOU CAN’T TYPE IN THE WHOLE ARTICLE BUT YOU CAN SEARCH ONE OR SEVERAL SENTENCES WITH QUATATIONS.
- IF IT MATHCHES , THE ORIGINAL SOURCE CAN BE IDENTIFIED.
2. THE ARTICLE IS IN DIFFERENT FONT SIZES, COLOURS AND STYLES
3. OUTDATED INFORMATIONS ARE PROVIDE
4. USE ONLINE TOOLS TO DETECT PLAGIARISM
- SOME OF THE TOOLS DOES NOT REQUIRE SUBSCRIPTIONS OR SIGN UPS
- CAN CHECK ONLINE DOCUMENTS USING THE TOOLS
- EXAMPLES: COPYSCAPE, PLAGSCAN
- SEVERAL SITES THAT CAN FIND OUT PLAGIARISM
- SOME STUDENTS WILL PURCHASE PAPERS VIA ONLINE WEBSITES WHERE THEY GET THE PAPERS THROUGH THEIR E-MAIL.
- IN THIS CASE, WE CAN SUBMIT THE PAPERS TO CERTAIN WEBSITES TO IDENTIFY PLAGIARISM.
- EXAMPLES: http://www.plagtracker.com/
communications and Network
Define network architecture including topologies (star, tree, and mesh) and strategies (client/server and peer-to-peer).
Star topology
- Each device connected directly to a central network switch
Tree topology
- Each device connected to a central node either directly or through subordinate nodes
Mesh topology
- Does not use a specific physical layout, but requires that each node have more than one connection to other nodes
Client/Server Network
- Central computers coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network
Peer to Peer Network
- Nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers
secondary storage
- Compare primary storage and secondary storage and discuss the most important characteristics of secondary storage.
Primary storage is a volatile storage while secondary storage is non-volatile storage. The most important characteristics is storage devices. The hardware that reads data and programs from storage media (most also write to storage media).
- Discuss cloud computing and cloud storage.
cloud computing
- Cloud computing is where the Internet acts as a “cloud” of servers
- Applications provided as a service rather than a product
- Supplied by servers
cloud storage
- Cloud storage is a cloud computing model in which data is stored on remote servers accessed from the internet, or "cloud." It is maintained, operated and managed by a cloud storage service provider on a storage servers that are built on virtualization techniques.
- Discuss optical disks including pits, lands, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray, and hi def.
Optical disks hold over 100 gigabytes (GB) of data. Optical discs are read by an optical disc drive. Laser beam writes by creating a pattern of pits (holes) and lands (flat areas) to encode data bits. CD stands for compact disc. Standard on most computers; can store from 650 MB up to 1 GB. Like CD's, but newer format called digital versatile disc or digital video disc (DVD) with capacity of 4.7 GB to 17 GB. Next generation optical disc for recording high-definition (hi def) video with the capacity of 25 GB to 128 GB.
system unit
- Describe the six basic types of system units. What is the difference between a traditional and a slate tablet PC?'
- Desktop contains electronic components and selected secondary storage.
- Media center use powerful desktop system hardware with specialized graphic cards for interfacing with TVs.
- Notebook contains electronic components, secondary devices, and input devices.
- Netbook like notebooks, but less powerful and less expensive, used for web browsing and email.
- Tablet PC -Notebook computer that supports the use of a stylus or pen to input commands and data. Slate tablet PC is similar to notebook but monitor is attached to the system unit and does not have an integrated keyboard, uses mobile OS, accepts gesture input, can display movies, mainly designed to display content.
- Hand-held computer systems
- Personal digital assistants and smartphones– electronic components, secondary storage, input/output devices
- Palm computers - contain an entire computer system
- Define computer memory including RAM, ROM, and flash memory.
- RAM-Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold programs and data that are currently being accessed.
- ROM-Information stored by the manufacturer.Non-volatile and cannot be changed
- Flash Memory-
- Contains startup information
- Amount of RAM
- Type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage devices connected
- Describe bus lines including bus width, system bus, expansion bus.
Bus line connects parts of the CPU to each other. Bus width is the number of bits that can travel at once. Expansion buses connects the CPU to other components on the system board, including expansion slots.
system software
- Describe system software. Discuss each of the four types of system programs.
System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs. First type is operating system which is a collection of programs that handle technical tasks. Then, utilities are specialized programs that make computing easier. Device drivers allows communication between a device and the computer. Language translator is a computer program for specifying one program in on programming language that is functionally equivalent to that in a different language.
- Define operating systems. Describe the basic features and the three categories of operating systems.
Os is a collection of programs that handle technical tasks, such as managing resources and provide user interface. icons, pointer and windows are the features of OS. Three type of OS are:
- Embedded operating systems
- Network operating systems
- Stand-alone operating systems
- What are desktop operating systems? Compare Windows, Mac OS, Linux and Chrome OS. Discuss virtualization.
Desktop operating system is the OS is often called the software environment or platform. Windows provides several improvements over Windows Vista while MAc OS X runs on Apple computers. Linux is a version UNIX which is a alterative to windows.
Specialized Application Software
- Describe graphics, including desktop publishers, image editors, illustration programs, image galleries, and graphics suites.
desktop publisher is a program that allow you to create publications. Under image editors there are photo editors and bitmap images. Photo editors edit and modify digital photographs.Bitmap images use dots or pixels to represent an image which is called raster images. Illustration programs are drawing program. Image galleries is the libraries of electronic images. Graphic suites are bundled graphic program.
- Discuss audio and video editing software.
Audio editing software is used to reorganize and add effects. Video editing software is used to create and edit audio clips.
- What is multimedia? Discuss interactivity, links, buttons, and multimedia authoring programs.
Multimedia is the integration of a variety of media into one presentation. Links and buttons provide the ability to navigate through a presentation. Multimedia authoring programs create multimedia presentations which bring together video, audio, graphics, and text elements into interactive framework.
basic application software
- Explain the difference between general-purpose and special-purpose applications. Also discuss the common features of application programs
General- purpose applications are used in nearly every discipline and occupation while in special-purpose applications there are thousands of programs more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Examples of common features are menus, toolbars, icons and Windows.
- Define word processors and discuss their basic, editing, and formatting features.
word processor is used to create text-based documents. For example, memos and letters. Examples of word processors are Microsoft Word and Corel WordPerfect . It is used for editing like find and replace letters and check spelling and grammer. Then, we can also do formatting. we can change font size, insert bullets and numbering.
- Discuss spreadsheets and define cells, ranges, graphs and what-if analysis.
Spreadsheet are Programs that organize, analyze, and graph numeric data. Range is a series of cells. Graphs are the visual presentation of data. What-if-analysis is the most powerful tools that allows user to create different scenarios for different results.
- What are databases and database management systems? Define relational databases, tables, querying, forms, and reports.
A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated. Database management systems is a collection of related data which comprised of tables, queries, forms and reports. Relational databases organize data into related tables. Each table is made up of rows called records and columns called fields. Table is made up of rows and columns. Queries are question or request for specific data. Forms are used to enter and edit records. Report is a preview and print data from one or more tables.
ARCHANAA A/P VEJAYA KUMAR's Reflection
RSS
DRUG ADDICTION AMONG THE TEENAGERS
According to an article titled ‘Drug Problems in Malaysia’ in DARA Thailand, young people are the fastest rising group of drug users in Malaysia. Drug addicts are considered as criminals in Malaysia. Nowadays, drug addiction in Malaysia is getting widespread and has reached the level of alarming and this is a big threat to the country. Various efforts were undertaken by various parties, especially the government in dealing with drug addiction problems.
Addiction is a type of disease that affects our brain and also behavior. Alike drug addiction harms a person’s brain and also behavior. Addiction is when you cannot control or stop from consuming it. When a person intake drug, they will start creating a tolerance with it. As time elapse, they will start to use larger amounts of drugs to get the same effects as earlier. According to TREATMENT EPISODES DATA SET (TEDS) 1992-2002, SAMHSA, 2006, Marijuana is most addictive drug. Many teens are diagnosed with primary intake of Marijuana who are under treatment. Marijuana are referred as a gateway drug. Teenagers who use Marijuana can quickly lead to addiction.
According to the scientists, human brain is the most complex organ in the body. Our brain is like a computer without electrical circuits and electronic devices. Instead our brain consists of billions of neurons which are organised into circuits and networks. Eventually, drug interfere with the process of brain which send, receive signals via neurotransmitters. Chemical substances in the drugs will affect the chemical process in our brain.
Drug consumption will cause some health problems. Some drugs like inhalants, will damage and destroy nerve cells in our brain. Then, drug increases the risk of getting Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C. These infections are caused by sharing of injection equipment among the drug addicts. Infection of heart and skin are caused by the exposure to bacteria by injection of drug used. Drug addiction will cause weight loss, nausea and vomiting.
Furthermore, drug addiction causes teenagers to face problems in learning. This is because drug damages our short-term and long-term memory which lead to problems with learning. They also cannot concentrate in the class and they will be left out in their studies. Drug addiction also can cause brain damage where the teenagers will face mental disorders or permanent damage to the brain and nervous system. Brain shrinkage, amnesia and memory problems are some examples of brain damage.
Drug addiction causes teenagers to undergo behavioral problems. It will increase the risk of being depressed and suicidal thoughts and violence. According to a recent survey, teens who consume drugs are more likely to involve in fighting and stealing. Usually, teens who are addicted to drugs may become uncharacteristically angry and isolated. They have dramatic mood swings. They are more aggressive compared to others.
There are reasons why teenagers are addicted to drug. First of all, curiosity of trying drug lead them to be addicted. Nowadays, people are very eager to try things that are prohibited. This is because they want to explore the effects of the drug which give them pleasant effect. Some of them are influenced by their friends. This is one of the main factors because teenagers spend most of their time with their friends compared to their family. There will be challenges among them to show their heroism. The insistence of a friend to try drugs eventually leads to a long-lasting sense of addiction. If they are in the circle of drug addicts, soon they will get addicted too.
Teenagers also use drugs to feel good. Teenagers who are depressed try drugs to make them feel good. They feel like drugs will boost up their self-confidence and make them to feel more powerful and energetic. For example, heroin gives them a feeling of relaxation and satisfaction where they think that drugs make them comfortable and can forget about their pains.
Next, family factors, parental behavior, family relationships, home atmosphere, and financial problem are reasons for the addiction among teenagers. It is said that majority drug addicts come from families where their parents are divorced, the separation or death of the head of the family. Some of the parents are very busy with their work until they forget to look after their children. The children will feel themselves left alone and there is no one to take care of them and communication between their parents are very less. As a result of this situation, teenagers will try to meet the needs from other sources including drugs.
Furthermore, depression also a factor for addiction of drugs. Over depression will let someone to take drugs to calm their mind. Initially, the drug was taken only to stimulate the mind for serenity, but frequent addiction of drugs lead to addiction. Some types of drugs taken by a person can cause stimulation for a long period of time. This will result in long term addictive users. Serious addiction can cause soul damage.
How do we prevent teenagers from getting addicted to drugs? Educating Teens on Drugs plays an important role in preventing them from consuming drugs. In a research it is stated that the human brain isn’t completely mature until 25 years old, and the most dramatic changes in growth happen during adolescence. Because of this, teens aren’t always mentally equipped to make the best decisions about their health and future. Educating teenagers on risks of consuming drugs can enable them to think wisely and take better choices.
In prevention of drug addiction among teenagers, family plays an important role. First of all, parents should establish rules in their home. They should explain the family rules to the teens and let them know the effects of using drugs. Some of the rules that parents can establish are leaving a party where drug consumption occurs and avoid friends who are addicted to drug. Parents should spend some time with their children. They can have at least one meal a day with the whole family members.
Moreover, parents should talk with the teenagers to know their feelings and behaviors. They should ask their teen’s views. Instead of giving lecture to them, listening to teenager’s opinion will be more helpful. Parents should discuss reasons why teens should not take drugs and explain the consequences of consuming drugs. They have to discuss ways to resist peer pressure and about how to avoid drug offers. Nowadays parents are less known about their children’s friends and their activities outside the house. Parents should take initiative in getting know their teenager’s friends and their activities. Parents have to pay attention to their teenager’s whereabouts. For example, parents have to take initiative to know what adult-supervised activities their teens are interested and encourage them to get involved.
If the teen’s friends are drug addicts, he or she might feel pressure to experiment too. As a parent, they have to advice their teens to stay away from their friends. In order to teenagers listen to their parents’ advice, parents should show some love towards them. Parents should let their teenagers know that they love them and care about their future. For example, parents can attend their teen’s school or college activities and show some support for their interests. Parents can praise them and give encouragement when teenagers succeed. This causes bond between parents and teenagers to get stronger. Teenagers also will believe their parents and feel free to share their problem with their parents.
There are few treatments provided in Malaysia for teenagers who are addicted to drugs. Drug addicts can attain better and cheaper treatments locally as Malaysia is equipped to handle this serious problem. Here are some of the treatment option that can be obtained at Malaysia:
- NA (Narcotics Anonymous)
It is an international, non-governmental, non-religious and profit organization which helps drug addicts to recover from it. This organization believes the value of one drug addict helping another without parallel. This help is through sharing the experiences and hope of one addict to another during the meetings which held in various cities in the country. The senior members help newcomers through a program of self transformation known as 12-Steps of NA. For further information about NA people can contact na_kl@hotmail.com.
2. AADK (Cure & Care Rehabilitation Centers)
The National Anti- Drug Agency (AADK) have their own rehabilitation centres which is in form of cure and care clinics nationwide. Their services are manly for those who have ben convicted of drug taking under the Malaysian law. Their services are free where treatment ranges between 6 to 11 months in house. It is said that their programmes are fun and more effective in treating drug addiction throughout Malaysia.
In conclusion, it is known that drug addiction is very harmful to us and also our country. Moreover, teenagers should not involve in drug addiction, since they are next leaders of our country. All of us equally have to get rid of this problem in our country. Drug addiction not only spoil our country’s name, but also affect our teenagers’ life. So, parents and other parties like media, school organization have to play important role in preventing drug addiction among teenagers. Together we have to develop our country and society.
REFERENCES
1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-addiction/symptoms-causes/syc-20365112
2. https://www.addictioncenter.com/teenage-drug-abuse/teenage-substance-abuse-prevention/
3. https://www.dararehab.com/blog/drug-problems-in-malaysia/
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4421936/
5. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teen-drug-abuse/art-20045921
1. Discuss the Internet, including its origins and most common uses. What activities have you participated in? Which one do you think is the most popular?
- Internet is a global computer network which provides many information and communication facilities. The Internet was launched in 1969. US funded project called ARPANET served as the backbone for interconnection of academic and military networks. Internet are commonly used for communicating, online shopping, searching, education and entertainment. I have participated in all of the activities stated. In my opinion, the most popular activity is searching. People use Internet to search various information to develop their knowledge.
2.Describe how to access the Internet. What are the providers? Define browsers and discuss URLs, HTML, JavaScript, Applets, and mobile browsers.
- We can access Internet through Internet Service Provider (ISP) and a router. It provides a connection for individuals to access the Internet. Examples of Commercial Internet Service Providers are DIGI, Maxis and Telekom Malaysia. Browser provides access to the web resources and allow us to surf Internet. Examples of browsers are Google Chrome, Opera and Mozilla Firefox.
- URL is an unique address for a web page. URL consists of 4 components: protocol, domain name, path and web page name. Browsers interpret HTML commands and display documents as web page. JavaScript is a high level programming language that allows to implement complex things on web pages. An applet is a small software program that supports larger application programs. Mobile browser is a web browser that is designed to use on a mobile device.
3.Discuss Internet communications, including e-mail, instant messaging, social networking, blogs, micro blogs, Webcasts, podcasts, and wikis.
- Email is a transmission of electronic messages over the Internet. E-mail messages are usually encoded in ASCII text. Instant messaging a is type of online messaging that provides real-time text transmission. Instant messaging apps include video conference, audio call and file sharing. Examples of instant messaging programs are Skype and Telegram. Social network connect people and organizations to share common interest. Examples of social networking applications are Facebook, Snapchat and Twitter. Blog is a personal news pages that are arranged with the most recent items shown first. Micro blog contains less contents and have limit on how many characters you can type. Webcast is a streaming technology for live broadcast of audio and video. Podcasts is a audio and video files that can be downloaded to the computer or media player. Wiki is a website that is developed by a community of users, allowing any user to add and edit content.
- Explain the five parts of an information system.
People are one of the important parts in information system. There is either direct contact or indirect contact. People uses computer for entertainment such as watching movies, playing games and listening to musics. People also uses computer for business, medicine and education purposes. Procedures, software, hardware and data are the included in information system. Software is categorized into two which are system software and application software. Hardware is the device we uses to provide information.
- What part do people play in this system?
People are the users of the system. People uses the system for many purposes. For example, computers are widely used for learning purposes. People create, develop, support and use information system.
- What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software?
System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run computer's hardware and application programs. It enables application software to interact with the computer hardware. it consist of operating systems and utility programs. Operating system coordinates computer resources and provides user interface. File manager, disk cleanup and compression tools are some types of utility programs.
- Define basic and specialized application software
Basic application software is a general purpose application. Examples are Web browsers and spreadsheet. Specialized software is specially designed for individual or company's specific use. Examples are Office suites and media player.
- Describe some different types of basic applications.
Word processor is an application used for production such as editing and printing. Spreadsheet is an application where a table of values are arranged in rows and columns. Its an application which allows you to create and manipulate spreadsheet electronically.
- Describe some types of specialized applications.
First, image editor is a graphic program that provides special features to edit bit-mapped images. Media player is a computer program that is used for playing multimedia contents such as audio and video.
- Software - System Software
- Application Software
- Types of Computers -Supercomputers
-Mainframe Computers
-Minicomputers
-Microcomputers