Pian

 Introduction to Materials & Specification

• We know each other before the class begins and obtain the course outline as our guide to know the topic that we learned before class start
• Materials represent a major expense in construction, so minimizing procurement or purchase costs presents important opportunities for reducing costs.

Bricks

• I learn that bricks have three types , which is common bricks, facing bricks and engineering brick.
  
• Types of brick have different properties and behavioural of brick.

Cement

• I learn that  cement is any material that binds or unites
• In construction, the word cement or cementitious material always refer to an ingredient in concrete, mortar or grout.
• Cement + Water = Paste
• Sand + Gravel + Crushed Stone OR Granular material = Aggregates

• Portland cement consists essentially of compounds of lime (calcium oxide, CaO) mixed with silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2) and alumina (aluminum oxide, Al2O3).

Aggregates

• All Natural aggregate result from breakdown of large rock masses.
• Rock is classified into 3 basic types ^IGNEOUS^SEDIMENTARY^METAMORPHIC^

• • Based on source or method of manufacture

        a) Sand

        b) Gravel or River Gravel

        c) Crushed Stone

  • Based on size

         a) Fine Aggregate

         b) Coarse Aggregate

  • Based on density

         a) Lightweight 

         b) Normal Weight

         c) Heavy Weight

• • • Properties : TOUGHNESS AND ABRASION RESISTANCE, PARTICLE SHAPE AND SURFACE TEXTURE, DURABILITY AND SOUNDNESS, SPECIFIC GRAVITY, CLEANLINESS AND DELETERIOUS MATERIALS.
  • • Shapes : ANGULAR, ROUND, FLAT and ELONGATED