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This course explains the development of scientific and technological thinking in human civilization from pre-classical times to the present. The main focus is related to an ecosystem of scientific thought that encompasses aspects of the relationship between man and religion, the importance of value systems and ethics, as well as the role of science in life. In addition, the course also emphasizes paradigm shifts, holistic solutions to current issues , transformation and innovation, the philosophy of science and technology in the context of Basic Science, Technology, and National Innovation in line with the development of Industry 4.0 and efforts towards humanizing science and technology