INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,THE INTERNET AND YOU
Five Parts of Information System
1.People - This is the most crucial part in information system. Computer goals is to make end users (people) more productive in business, education, entertainment and etc.
2.Procedures- Its documentation are using, operating, and maintaining an information system.For example, procedures need to be established to run a payroll program, including when to run it, who is authorized to run it, and who has access to the output. In the autonomous computing initiative, data centres are increasingly run automatically, with the procedures embedded in the software that controls those centres.
3.Software- Software is a set of instructions that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them.Its divided into two main classes: system software and application software. Managing the hardware, data and program files, and other system resources and provides means for the user to control the computer, generally via a graphical user interface (GUI) are the things involved in the operating system which is the principal of system software.Application software is programs designed to handle specific tasks for users. Nowadays,we can see that smartphone apps became a common way for individuals to access information systems. Other examples include general-purpose application suites with their spreadsheet and word-processing programs, as well as “vertical” applications that serve a specific industry segment—for instance, an application that schedules, routes, and tracks package deliveries for an overnight carrier. Larger firms use licensed applications developed and maintained by specialized software companies, customizing them to meet their specific needs, and develop other applications in-house or on an outsourced basis. Companies may also use applications delivered as software-as-a-service (SaaS) from the cloud over the Web. Proprietary software, available from and supported by its vendors, is being challenged by open-source software available on the Web for free use and modification under a license that protects its future availability.
4.Hardware- Hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other devices. The term arose as a way to distinguish the "box" and the electronic circuitry and components of a computer from the program you put in it to make it do things.Hardware implies permanence and invariability. Software or programming can easily be varied. You can put an entirely new program in the hardware and make it create an entirely new experience for the user. You can, however, change the modular configurations that most computers come with by adding new adapters or cards that extend the computer's capabilities.Hardware is a collective term. The cables, connectors, power supply units, and peripheral devices such as the keyboard, mouse, audio speakers, and printers also included in hardware not only the computer proper .Hardware is sometimes used as a term collectively describing the physical aspects of telephony and telecommunications network infrastructure.
4.Data- Information that has been translated into a form that is efficient for movement or processing.The form here means the binary digital form.However, a conversion need to be done first.In describing data that in its most basic digital format ,the term of raw data is used.Data also can accept to be used as a singular object or a plural object.Based on applying two-value Boolean logic to electronic circuits,the binary digital concepts formed.Today,Binary digit formats underlie the CPUs, semiconductor memories and disk drives, as well as many of the peripheral devices common in computing.Early computer input for both control and data took the form of punch cards, followed by magnetic tape and the hard disk.
As a conclusion,all the five parts play an important role in information system.People play parts in people,procedures.software and hardware.
Application Software (Specialized VS Basic)
Specialized Application Software is a software that is specially designed that follows an individual or company's specific requirements.
Examples:
- Graphic Software.
- Office Suites.
- Accounting Packages.
Basic Application Software consists of programs designed for end users.
Examples:
- Chrome ,Safari and Opera.
- Microsoft Office Word ,OpenOffice Word.
- Microsoft Office Access,MariaDB , Oracle DB.
System Software vs Application Software
System Software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.Divided into two classes operating systems and utility programs.
Operating systems divided into three types which is Stand-alone OS,Server OS and Embedded OS.An operating system is a set of programs containing instruction that work together to coordinates all the activities among the computer resources.
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A complete operating system called Stand-alone OS that operates on a desktop computer,mobile computing device even notebook computer.Example:Linux , Windows 10,Mac OS,UNIX.
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An OS designed to specifically to support a network called Server OS.Its typically resides on a server.For example Windows Server 2008,Netware,Solaris,Linux,UNIX.
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Resided on a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer electronic device,this OS called Embedded OS.There are many examples and a fews of them are Windows Embedded CE,Windows Phone 7,iphone OS,Blackberry,Google Android,Symbian OS,Embedded Linux.
Utility program is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type task such as:
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File Manager
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Anti-Virus Program
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Disk Cleanup
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Spyware Remover
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Compression Tools
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Disk Defragmenter
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Backup and Restore
Application Software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and assist with personal tasks.
Its functions :
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To make business activities more efficient.Examples,Word Processing,Spreadsheet,DatabaseBusiness Software Suite and etc
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To assist with graphics and multimedia projects.Examples,Computer-Aided Design(CAD) , Desktop Publishing , Paint/image Editing and etc.
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To facilitate communications.Examples, Web Browser,VoIP,Chat Room,E-Mail,Blogging and etc.
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To support home,personal and educational tasks.Examples,Personal finance,Legal,Home Desgin/Landscaping and etc.
Connectivity
Connectivity
-The ability of to link and communicate with other computer systems, electronic devices, software and internet.
Wireless Devices
-Wireless Router
-Wireless Adapter
-Wireless Repeater
-Wireless Phones
Wireless Revolution
-In the beginning, wireless technology play a significant role in industrial environments, helping managers gather data, monitor equipment and perform remote troubleshooting.Even when it becomes mainstream, wireless still poses challenges for suppliers and integrators who take attention that reliability is high, security is solid and costs are within line.
-Cellular is the fastest growing sector of communication industry with over 2 billion users worldwide today.
First Generation (1G)
-Analog 25 or 30kHz FM,voice only and mostly vehicular communication.
Second Generation (2G)
-Narrowband TDMA and CDMA,voice and low bit-rate data,portable units.
Third Generation (3G)
-Wideband TDMA and CDMA , voice and high bit-rate data , portable units.
Fourth Generation (4G)
-True broadband wireless,WIMAX ,3G LTE
Internet
-The worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses government agencies, educational instituions and individuals.
Web
-A worldwide collection of electronic documents (web pages).
Computer Networks
-A collection of computers and devices connected together via communication device and transmission media to share resources.
Cloud Computing
-Shared pools of configurable computer system resources and higher-level services that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort, often over the Internet
More Information About Chapter 1 :
Reflection on Chapter 1
In a nutshell , what I gain from this chapter is system software and application software are very important in our daily life. Both of the software types benefit us in many ways. System software can help us to do the maintenance task on our computer while the application software can help us to become more productive by assisting us with our daily tasks. Furthermore, all of the knowledge that i received from this chapter can help me to develop more good software in the future.
Reference
- https://quizlet.com/148064545/chapter-1-information-technology-the-internet-and-you-flash-cards/
- http://books.mhprofessional.com/computing/oleary/pdf/ole65985_ch01_web.pdf
- http://www.academia.edu/29772412/Chapter_1_Information_Technology_the_Internet_and_You
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyEqx7uOb2c