Probability and Statistical Data Analysis

Student grade prediction is a way for teachers to analyze the performances of theirs students throughout the years based on several factors. The outcomes from this analysis will be used by them for further planning of teaching methods and which students need help the most. This on the other hand can also make some students to know whether if they are in need of help or not for the next semester so they can have some improvements. The main purpose of me taking this topic into consideration is to study how some attributes can be the contributing factors to the student grades and the relationship they have between each other. The secondary data is obtained from a website () by Paulo Cortez from the University of Minho, Portugal. Upon downloading the data, it was then imported into R Studio tool to be further analyzed. From the results of my case study, we can say that student previous grades can affect their final grades since they have a really strong linear positive relationship. In addition, we can also say that student attendance also plays as a minor contibutor for their grades. In some way, I think that the result I got from this data can be the perfect sample to symbolize secondary school students as a whole. This is because the variables collected from the secondary data are from the real-world where it happens all around the world.

Personally, I think that this project has taught me a lot. That includes from coming out with a big enquiry about certain things until trying my best to find solutions from problems that I faced while handling this case study. A big thank you to Dr. Chan Weng Howe for guuiding us since the beginning or our project briefing until the day of the project submission. Dr. Chan also had never stopped in suggesting the correct ways to find solutions to our problems. In addition, by using the provided syllabus videos by Dr. Chan in the elearning, I finally managed to do all the explanation for my research and results from the data. On the other hand, my family and friends also had given me a lot of supports in completing this case study. Without their support, I could never done my project as smoothly as it is. This case study also had increase my knowledge on how to use more functions provided inside of the RStudio tool as well as on how to do data analysis from the secondary data that i chose.

Attached below is the report to my case study.

The purpose of me being a part of this project is to study how Malaysia citizen use their smartphone daily and its relationship with the amount of money they are willing to spend on their smartphones and also the types of smartphone they use on a daily basis.The data collection were done using a Google Form that was distributed to the UTM student and the public. After the data is collected, we analyse the data using R studio tool. As a result, we can see that different people has their own preference in choosing what is the best for their smartphones. How they use the smartphone daily does not affect the types of phone they wanted because as long as the features they want in a phone are there, it would be totally okay for the respondent.

For me, the result we get from this study cannot be used as a sample for a bigger population. This is because our respondents are mainly come from a fortunate family where there are affordable to buy themselves a smartphone. Some Malaysian cannot even buy a cheap smartphone. This study can only show us the usage of smartphone for some part of Malaysia citizen. Ways to avoid from this problem to happen again is we can find more respondents by distributing the questionnaire to a broad kind of Malaysian. 

For personal reason, I have learnt a lot from this project, from the ways to analyse raw data using R studio to enhancing my skills in video editing. My group members had taught me a lot about how to handle raw data. By using the knowledge i had learnt inside Dr. Chan's classes, I able to use some statistic formulas and mathematical calculation. This project also has provide me a chance to engage with a lot of people while distributing the questionnaires through WhatsApp messenger and social media accounts. Even though the process got delayed due to the Restriction Movement Order, the teamwork i have with my group members made it all happened. We managed to do a group discussion online while explaining the remaining tasks to do. Finally, I also managed to acknowledge my weakness in some aspects such as understanding graphs and tables. But, with the help of my group members, I can finally understand them easily.