SECP1513 - Technology and Information System

Title of Talk: Industrial Talk about Technology & Information System and Fourth Industrial Revolution
Speaker: Mr. Nazri Edham from Telekom Malaysia Berhad
Date: 1st November 2021
Time: 15:00 to 16:30 pm
Venue: Webex

Summary of Talk

In 1946, Telekom Malaysia (TM) had started to service Malaysian no matter home, business, government, and also global with a wide range of the technology like fiber optic, cloud, 4G & 5G Line.  Then, IR 4.0 2011 is more focused on manufacturing to make the manufacturing sector's environment better and productivity. The 4th Industrial Revolution 2015 is touching about all aspects of human life, which may help the human life better and better thru data capture & analytics, cloud computing, smartphones, The Internet of Things, and so on. 

TM had cooperated with the government to build Malaysia in a digital way and under the program called "Digital Malaysia". While Digital Malaysia presents three main categories which are Government, Economy, and Society.

In the modern era, our life had been improving into more digital life with some services. Let's take an example, previously our payment method just only a card or cash, but today we have an e-Wallet to make the payment for our groceries and also the bills. Furthermore, we also know that music also become digital from time to time, nowadays we listen to music thru streaming apps like Spotify or Youtube Music. This digitalization of services produces an innovative business model and enhances the customer experience.

On the side of Smart City, TM had introduced many types of software which improve our life like the Smart Water Integrated Management System (SWIMS) system, which let the customer can check the total visibility for the water industry, reduces water wastage. This system can let the customer track where the water is wasted and easy to detect where the pipe leakage.

5G is the next generation of mobile network evolution, which can connect everything and in the faster internet speed when compared to the 4G generation. 5G helps us to experience the travel spots and shopping without going to the place, also make our healthcare, logistics sector more powerful and digitally. Thus, the 5G also makes the manufacturing better and smart. 

In Langkawi Island, TM had introduced about 11 services by using 5G network, like Smart Tourism App, Smart Parking, Smart Vehicle System, and more. Those services help Langkawi in many regions and employers to make their business or services better and better. 

Title of Talk: Industrial Talk about Technology & Information System and Fourth Industrial Revolution
Speaker: Ms Sarah Khadijah Taylor from Digital Forensics Department, CyberSecurity Malaysia
Date: 2nd November 2021
Time: 15:00 to 16:30
Venue: Webex

Summary of Talk

In recent decades, the manufacturing sector has evolved rapidly. From mass production through the huge number of the labour force in production lines to the use of robotics, which increases the efficiency.

Why IR 4.0 is very important in Malaysia?

-   It is because of the shift of global economic order like China, United State had improved to the digitalization manufacture and robotic sector, Malaysia also need to follow up the step of them. Thus, we need to have the technology advancement which includes the technology changes into the industry like big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and so on.

-   Secondly, is because of the competitiveness of the business. The government or private sector needs to defend our domestic markets and increase the economy of our country thru exporting Malaysian Products towards the world, hence we need to move forward.

The digitalization of the production-based industries are driven by these technological drivers:

1. Artificial intelligence - which can learn and construct a program by themselves
2. Big Data Analytics - Very crucial in today's industry, because used to predict the trend of the market.
3. Augmented Reality - Simulation
4. Additive Manufacturing - Manufacture the new material and advanced materials like material for 3D Printing
   
   and more.....

Three factors that Malaysia needs to embrace to improve the manufacturing sector of Malaysia in the future:
1. Global value chains and geographies production are continuing to shift.
            -Let's take an example, China and other countries are relocating the production to ASEAN, which is giving new opportunities for Malaysia. So, Malaysia will need to transform itself fastly.

2. The quality of labour and the higher productivity should be considered because there's a new source of competitive advantage.
          - Although our labour productivity has grown 3-4% over the year 2020, the high-skilled labour has not increased.

3. The new technologies are disrupting and fostering a technology-based model of production. 

Malaysia Issues & Challenges in IR 4.0

How is Malaysia addressing the issues and challenges in the progress of entering IR 4.0?

• Policy ATC
• Attract stakeholders to IR 4.0 technologies and processes and further increase Malaysia's attractiveness as a preferred manufacturing location.
• Transform Malaysia's industry capabilities in both holistic and accelerated manner.
  • How to transform the industry capabilities?
    • Labour productivity
    • Cost efficiency
    • Sharing of high-skills job
    • Technology and innovation capabilities
    • Local technology development
• Create the right ecosystem for IR 4.0 to be adopted and align existing and future development initiatives.
  • The right ecosystem should have talent supply & skills level, collaborative platform, digital infrastructure, funding support, data availability & sharing, and innovation capacity

How is Malaysia moving forward to IR 4.0?

• Upskilling and reskilling
• Inclusive involvement of SMEs
• A significant evolution in innovation
• Focused funding support
• Good digital infrastructure

Title of Talk: Industrial Talk about Amazon Web Service (AWS) & Cloud Computing
Speaker: Dr Qusat Al-Maatouk from Asia Pacific University (APU)
Date:  15th November 2021
Time: 15:00 to 16:30
Venue: Webex

Summary of Talk

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of computing power, databases, storage, software, and other IT resources via the Internet utilising pay-as-you-go pricing.

What is the definition of pay-as-you-go?

- This implies you'll have to pay to use the services.

Consequently, cloud computing enables you to stop thinking of your infrastructure like hardware and instead think of it as software. In the conventional computer paradigm, hardware solutions need space, personnel, and physical security to ensure the device's safety. Aside from that, the hardware installation requires a large sum of money to purchase the space and equipment, which will be a lengthy process. In comparison, the cloud computing model of this period is infrastructure as software, which is more flexible and adaptable than the previous model.

Three distinct cloud service models exist:

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides increased control over IT resources and on-demand access to critical compute, storage, and networking resources on a pay-as-you-go basis.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): Enable users to create everything from basic cloud-based applications like Canva to sophisticated cloud-enabled enterprise systems.
3. Software as a Service (SaaS): Enables customers to access and use cloud-based applications such as email and office tools via the Internet. Additionally, SaaS provides entire software on a pay-as-you-go basis with less control over IT resources. The user can hire an application for their organisation and connect to it via the Internet, typically through a browser.

Additionally, cloud computing is deployed in three models: cloud, hybrid (cloud + on-premises), and on-premises (normally means to the private cloud).

There are parallels between Amazon Web Service and traditional information technology.

• The benefits of cloud computing
  • Save money because the consumer only pays when they utilise
  • There is no need to be concerned about capacity. AWS will automatically determine a user's capacity.
  • Within minutes, obtain the necessary resources.
  • Stop spending money on data centre operations and maintenance, such as employee pay and rent.
  • In a matter of minutes, we're going global.
• Web-based Services
  • Any software makes itself available over the Internet and communicates with an API via a standardised format such as XML or JSON.
• Introduction to Amazon Web Services
  • A secure cloud platform that enables the delivery of a suite of worldwide cloud-based products.
  • Provides on-demand access to computing, storage, network, and database resources, as well as other information technology resources or tools.
  • Flexible
  • Pay for only the services required by users.
  • Services interact in the same way as building blocks do.
  • Categories:

• Three modes of communication with AWS
  • AWS Management Console is a graphical user interface that is simple to use.
  • AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) enables discrete commands or scripts to access AWS services.
  • Software Development Kits (SDKs), a method for directly accessing services while coding

• Total Ownership Costs (TCO)
  • The financial estimate is used to determine a system's direct and indirect expenses.
  • Benefits:
    • Cost comparison between running a whole infrastructure system or a single task on-premises vs AWS
      • For example, traditional models requiring on-premises storage will cost approximately 167 422 USD over five years, but data stored in the cloud or AWS will cost only 7509 USD.
    • Prepare a budget and a business case for cloud migration
    • For instance, server expenses, storage costs, network costs, and information technology labour costs.

Title of Talk: Industrial Talk about Current Trend of Augmented Reality (AR) in Industry
Speaker: Dr Ruzimi Mohamed from OZEL Sdn Bhd
Date: 18th November 2021
Time: 09:00 to 10:30
Venue: Webex

Summary of Talk

The fourth Industrial Revolution began in the twenty-first century. The fourth industrial revolution aided in transforming production or manufacturing into something more digital and connected to industries and our daily lives. There are nine distinct types of digital industrial technologies resulting from the proliferation of new and powerful technologies. They include augmented reality or AR. So, what is augmented reality? AR is a view of the physical, real-world environment enhanced with computer-generated images, altering the viewer's perception of reality.

The speaker mentioned that augmented reality would be in high demand in the future due to the production of video games. Additionally, the source stated that 9 out of 10 brands intend to use augmented reality in their campaigns. By 2022, there will be approximately 15 billion USD in projected revenue generated by augmented reality advertisements.

Apart from that, there will be three primary types of augmented reality on the market:

1. Marker-based AR
   • When the camera detects the information contained in the code or page, the software recognises the object and displays it on the screen in 3D form. The user can then rotate the marker to view the object in greater detail and from various angles.
   • This function is primarily used in educational resources to ensure that students understand concepts more clearly than the 2D version.
2. Projection-based AR
   • This is an engaging and interactive form of augmented reality in which light is blown onto a surface, and interaction is accomplished by touching the projected surface with a hand.
   • Additionally, the user can create deception about the position, orientation and depth of an object which can take the different things into consideration and its structure to study in-depth.
3. Superimposition based AR
   • Additionally, the user can create deception about an object's position, orientation, and depth, which can be used to study the object's structure in detail.
   • Example: IKEA has this type of AR inside their brochure, which the buyer can check the design before purchasing the furniture.

In the future, there will be more AR jobs available in the market, and commonly the positions would be AR/VR content developer, AR/VR content strategist, AR/VR user experience designer, designer, animator or sound artist specialising in AR & VR, and manager for AR/VR community or project.

Title of Talk: Industrial Talk about Smart Campus, The Journey starts here
Speaker: Mr. Goh Bih Der from Commscope
Date: 29th November 2021
Time: 15:00 to 16:30
Venue: Webex

Summary of Talk

Network infrastructure comprises hardware and software, systems and devices that enable computing to communicate between users, services, applications and processes. Examples of network infrastructure are cabling, switches and wireless LAN (known as WLAN). 

Latest Wireless Network

Wi-Fi 6 or 802.11 ax is the latest wireless network technology in the market. It has OFDMA, and MU-MIMO technology that increases network capacity allows the access point to communicate with some devices:
1. Target Wake Time (TWT)  - Reduce battery usage on gadgets and IoT devices.
2. BSS Colouring Functions  - Minimize the interference caused by the congestion and give stable support to users in high-density environments.
3. Multigigabit Technology  - Commscope to help users solve 'Bottleneck' problems to attain greater bandwidth for a better experience.

- Wi-Fi technology was optimised by increasing network speed and traffic thru switching. 

Unified Network Management

- Helps users manage and centralise the access points and switches.
Benefits: Reduce time energy consumed, decrease operating costs for network management, increase availability, improve agility, enhance security and accelerate the adoption of intent-based networking.

Internet of Things (IoT)

A system that connects mechanical and digital computing devices, embedded with sensors, software and other technologies, to interchange data and makes people's daily lives more convenient. 

Problems: Different IoT devices require different protocols to communicate with network.
Solution: Connect with Commscope's access point.

Cloud Analytic Technology

The infrastructure helps store and process data in a public or private cloud. It requires scalable cloud computing with powerful analytic software associated with artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) to investigate data patterns and give users new insights.

Reason become prominent: The vast data collection size does not require physical hardware maintenance. 

Ruckus Network/Ruckus Wireless

A division under Commscope company that offers many IT infrastructure products, and also a reliable company as their products are friendly users. 

- They are the first company that offers certified Wi-Fi 6 products. Their access point can support multiple devices; gives higher performance, higher throughput, and higher capacity than others; offers IoT Suite that helps deal with IoT devices and allows users to control them.

Ruckus Analytics

Cloud service for network analytics and assurance that continuously monitors and gives users insight into the network health and operations, assists in leveraging incident analytics, fasten client troubleshooting for network service assurance and allows proactive IT with network service validation third-party integrations.

Devices used

- Most technologies like laptop or mobile phone is designed to be compatible with all the devices.
- Users still can use the old version switch or link the devices and router with an ethernet cable like Cat 5e or above for the multigigabit technology to help users overcome the restricted speed at the switch port.
- Network controller was introduced to replace the WLAN controller and network management system. It can summarize and allow users to monitor the network status on phones or desktops.
- IoT devices also help to bring convenience to people in their daily lives from multiple perspectives.
- Cloud analytics technology helps people to analyze a set of data and publish it to the public which can easily to read and interpreted.

Title of Talk: Industrial Talk about 5G and Wifi 6
Speaker: Mr Nicholas Yong from Huawei 
Date: 2nd December 2021
Time: 09:00 to 10:30
Venue: Webex

Summary of Talk

• 5th Generation Network
  - Faster speed when compared with the 4th Generation.
  More reliable and flexible than Wi-Fi because it is more stable and can support a wide range of devices, enabling a better experience.
  Provides ultra-low latency, massive network capacity, greater availability, and ample area coverage.
  - Used with the 4th IR technologies to make life better and better like Smart Campus, Smart Traffic, Smart Transportation, Smart tourism and more.

• Wi-Fi 6
  - A new standard in Wi-Fi technology improved the reliability and speed of the wireless network.
  Usually used in indoor areas and a high volume of visitors like universities, shopping malls, companies, and more.
  Wi-Fi 6 has a more powerful rate when data transfer, up to 9.6 Gbps and 2.4 Gbps for 2T2R. 
  
  Benefits: Larger bandwidth, low latency, IoT-oriented energy saving, Anti-Interface, full house coverage of 5Ghz signals.

Emerging Technology of Huawei

Huawei is a telecommunication equipment company and a leading global provider of ICT infrastructures. Its mission is to bring digital to every person, home and organisation. Huawei company provides many types of services, but one of them is networking. Huawei had implemented their own Wi-Fi 6 technology and also 5G network technology. The AirEngine Wi-Fi 6 technology provides four core features: high performance up to 16*16, stable experience for the user, comprehensive IoT apps, and fully secure. 

Title of Talk: Industrial Talk about Introduction to Data Visualization 
Speaker: Mr Isma Redha from iCEP
Date: 23rd December 2021
Time: 09:00 to 10:30
Venue: Webex

Summary of Talk

Before visualising a data set, we need to find the story in the data, which are the information in several ways, each of which can provide a specific insight. It is essential to identify and understand the story that we want to tell. 

Type of the data

• Quantitative: Data that can be counted or measured, and all the values are numerical
• Discrete: Numerical data that had a finite number of possible values
• Continuous: Data that is measured and has a value within a range
• Categorical: Data that can be stored according to group or category

Data Relationships

• Nominal Comparison: Simple comparison of the quantitative value of subcategories
• Time-series: Tracks changes in values of a consistent metric over time.
• Correlation: Data with two or more variables can be virtualised as a positive or negative correlation. 
• Deviation: Examines how data points relate to each other.
• Distribution: Show data distribution, often around a central value.
• Part-To-Whole relationships: Show a subset compared to the larger whole.

Chart Types

• Bar chart: best used to show change over time, comparison
  - Horizontal: Best used when data with long categories to be labelled
  - Vertical: used for chronological data 
• Pie chart: best used for marking portion to the whole comparison with discrete data
  - Standard: Show part-to-whole relationships
  - Donut: Stylistic version, can have a total value in the centre
• Line Chart: Show the time-series relationships with continuous data and help to show the trend, acceleration, or so on.
• Scatterplot Chart: Show the relationship between items based on two sets of variables.
  - Best used to show the correlation in a larger amount of data.
• Bubble Chart: Good for displaying nominal comparisons or ranking relationship
  - Bubble plot: Best used to display on additional variable
  - Bubble map: Best used to visualise values for specific regions.
• Heat Map Variations: Used to display categorical data, using the intensity of colour to represent values of geographic areas.