Introduction to Spatial Statistics

Conventional Stattistics

• Science of collecting describing, and interprating data
• Science of conducting studies to summarise, analyse, and draw conclusions from data

Spatial Statistics

• Statistical analysis of phenomena located in space exploiting their spatial components
• A collection of statistical techniques designed to investigate th spatial patterns displayed by various types of phenomena

Statistics are devided into two which:

- Descriptive : The collection organisation, summarisation an presentation.

- Inferential : Inferring or estimating a hypothesis tests, relationship and predictions

In short spatial statistics is a phenomena which they exploit their spatial components not just that it is actually a collection of statistical techniques designed to investigate the spatial patterns displayed by various types of phenomena for that it involves techniques for describing the distribution of data in the geographic space. Plus, it also analyses the spatial patterns of data also known as spatial pattern analysis. Next it also identify and measure spatial relatiionship which we called spatial regression. Lastly, it can create a surface from sampled data which some may called as spatial interpolation or also categorised as geostatics

We still need to use conventional statistic methods for analysing the attribute components whereas for spatial statistics are needed to handle the spatial components such as spatial distribution of the localities, central tendency of an incidence and also how each lcoality is incidently correlated by the cholera.

Spatial statistics plays a crucial role in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) by aiding in the analysis of spatial phenomena. It helps in understanding how and why certain phenomena occur at specific locations and how their magnitude differs across different areas. Spatial statistics assists in identifying patterns, describing, predicting, and optimizing spatial phenomena, including their distribution and variability. The results and findings obtained through spatial analysis can be stored and utilized within a GIS environment.