Project Ideas:

This project proposes to design 4-bit adder with Binary Outputs

Group members:

1.AIMAN NAJMI BIN ANUAR (LEADER) 

2.MOHAMMAD SAIFUL FAEZ BIN ISHAK

3.MOHAMAD NAZIRUL BIN RAMLI

4.MUHAMMAD FARHAN BIN YUSOF

5.MOHD SYAHMI BIN HAMZAN

Task Distribution:

1)Aiman- circuit development and simulation

2)Saiful- circuit designer

3)Nazirul- circuit designer

4)Farhan-  circuit development and simulation

5)Syahmi- web master

Project design and methodology:

The design of the 4-bit adder with binary output consist of 5 LEDs that represent output of additional of binary which are carrier,MSB to LSB.The LEDs connected to a 74LS83 full adder. The output is controled by 2 dip switch.

For our circuit ,we use 74LS83 full adder as our main circuit body. Then all output of adder connect to LEDs to show the summing of binary’s result. Next the input we connect at Dip Switch to enable controllable inputs. All the input and output connection to the IC is refered to 74LS83 datasheet. We use arduino uno as our voltage regulater of 5V. After done connectiong the jumpers , then we test our input to make sure the circuit work correctly and our LED light up.

However during my first try , the LEDs did not light up. So I search and observe the circuit connection's problem . It was so hard to find it but after getting help from my team especially Paan ,who also help to search for the wrong connection and keep accompany me until late night.At that time,we nearly give up and nearly change our project's name to 'inverse' 4-bit adder because when we set the input low,all the LEDs light up. Gladly ,the next day, we finally know the solution.I wrongly connect the Vcc of the IC at the wrong place.

The result of our circuit is shown in the video provided by Nazirul.Hope you enjoy the show.

■ Getting started with EPM240CPLD

■ Familiarization with various methods of design entry

■ Creation of more modules for design reuse

I am from group 5 SKEE2742 from Faculty of Engineering (FKE) Bachalor of Electrical-Mechatronic are building a Knight Rider lights using the CPLD and 6LEDs. The overview of the system is in the following video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgeRzIUbKnA&t=47s

Assalamualaikum. In this video we from group 5 are building Accumulator Based Vending Machine. The vending machine is based on a 4-bit accumulator which keeps tracks of how much money has been deposited. The accumulator value equals multiples of 10 sens. It has two button inputs: button1 or 20sen, button 2 for 50sen. Pressing a button adds 2 or 5 to the accumulator. The 7 segment display shows the current value of accumulator in BCD up to 15. When the accumulator contains 12 or more, the KnightRiderLEDs (fromMilestone2) will display one round oflights (as opposed to unlimited rounds in Milestone2).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ol_4wOUf8Bk&t=1s

Assalamualaikum . In this video, we from group Aiman are doing basic design about Vending Machine with password. Using the same hardware setup as the “nickel-and-dime” vending machine from previous videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ol_4w... , we are asked to build a combination lock which turns on the LED with the proper sequence of buttons are pressed. For my team, the combinational lock are D,D,N.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtWA9o0N2hQ&t=4s

Right now im working on robot car using arduino nano kits.....Cant wait to test on that challenging car circuit...

Assalamualaikum and good day everyone. For Milestones 5 and 6, our group will be specified a complex digital system. This video details a Binary to BCD converter circuit, written in VHDL for use in CPLDs and FPGAs. The component reads in a binary number from user logic over a parallel interface and outputs the BCD equivalent. It was designed using Quartus II, version 14.1.0.

For more information, visit my youtube link below....

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=808hFhxICS4&feature=youtu.be

I started my practical training on 19^th July 2020 and ended on 8^th October 2020. As a practical trainee in iSmartUrurs, I was expected to work according to the office hour from 9 am until 6 pm but sometimes I started to work early and ended exceed the office hours because of the commitment of the works. My job description basically is to create two systems that can be used as a prototype to assist company proposal. The two systems are crowd monitoring system and IoT water monitoring system. In this chapter, I will explain in detail about crowd monitoring system in Chapter 4 as I am fully contribute toward this project and Iot water monitoring system is my sub project. During twelve weeks of internship, I have accumulated various experiences and wider new knowledge through activities and tasks had been assigned to me. My industry supervisor, Haji Shafizal encouraged me to do diverse task across the department as he is majorly in architecture and land property. However, I am going to relate my experience with courses that I had taken in UTM especially Electrical Engineering and Programming.

            My experiences worked as practical trainee in iSmartUrus teach me to be a thinker. This is related with Creative and Critical Thinking. The project that I working on required me to be a researches in order to grasp the ideas of the project. I need to carefully checked and think how to choose best method among various possible solutions in the projects. Therefore, I need to think how I can deliver the contents of the projects so that people who is not in Electrical background can understand what I am delivering about. I think that is the most challenging tasks as I need to ensure that my clients can grasp what is the ideas of my intention. I also need to do weekly progress and inform the respective branches to clarify related forms and documentaries. That is something new to me and I need to be concerned about as Electrical Engineering is not all about hands on products. The most important to complete the tasks is to carefully listen the instruction that have been given to the supervisor and take the key points of their needs like taking minute meeting.

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Assalamualaikum and good day everyone. Today I want to write about Capstone Project. The Capstone Project, course code SKEE/SKEL/SKEM 4723, provides students with the opportunity to integrate technical knowledge and generic skills attained in the earlier years. My team name is M1G07 and consists of 4 members, me, Chi Yen, Syafiy, and Ossama supervised by Dr Pei Ling. We are working on Smart Rainwater Gardening Eco System. Here is the link for our conceptual prototype video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIOBrFhAK1Y

For my FYP 1, I decided to do Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) implementation on Automatic Water Distribution System for consumers. I prioritize the common practice of water distribution system in Malaysia, Ranhill SAJ Sdn Bhd, which is the transference of treated water from a water treatment plant to allocated reservoirs through treated water pumps.

Proposed Projects: Water Distribution Automation System and IOT Implementation

What is WDS?

Water distribution system (WDS) is defined as water utility components for distribution of treated water by means of gravity or pumps through distribution pumping networks to customers. The water collected from natural water supply such as river, lake or even sea will be treated, and then supplied to customers through the water distribution system to be consumed or utilized.

What is PLC?

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a digital computer used to make electromechanical process into automation . For this project, CP1H-XA PLC by OMRON is used as the main controller. It uses a USB peripheral port and has Ethernet communications that is enabled by using the Option Board that is connected to the PC.

Problem Statement:

In water treatment plants (WTP), without proper monitoring and control, insufficient water supply is imminent. This occurs due to the non-existent of sensors on important locations, as well as automatic ON/OFF valve for water transference control in local WTPs. To ensure sufficient water supply in the plant, the amount of water from the source, amount of water post to water treatment process and amount of water in the reservoir tanks need to be monitored. This is to ensure how much water are needed to be pumped into these respective tanks, by regulating the pump speed. However, most WTPs in Malaysia are lacking in an efficient water transference or distribution systems. Therefore, in this research, the author focuses on monitoring the whole system and automatically controlling the water levels on these tanks, through an electronic valve, utilizing PLC algorithms and variable speed drives (VSD). In addition, the system can be further extend to user interface that can be implemented in server for device connectivity and viability.

Objectives:

• To develop optimized algorithm for water level automation in a lab-bench water distribution system
• To make sure treated water be distributed to allocated distribution area
• To achieve water level of reservoir tank kept at minimum value to ensure demand is met
• To make sure consistency of flowrate meter is achieved when water level fall into dead zone

Scope:

• Hardware Lab Bench System
• PLC Automation
• Microcontroller Integration Web Based

Week 1

I go to Instrumental Lab at P02 to see water distribution system. From what I informed, previous version of this system are using LVDT sensor to monitor water level of tank but for newer version, the sensors change to Milonetech eTape. So the sensors setup in cx programmer need to be rescaling to make sure the system is working properly. Then, I discuss about future planning with my supervisor, Dr Shafishuhaza Sahlan and co supervisor, En Khairul Ijlal Rosli. This week is before CMCO so face to face meeting is allowed while still practice SOP.

Week 2

This time we discuss through online platform. I send my Topic Proposal to supervisor so that supervisor can check my expectation and correct the objectives of this project. For this week I focusing on Literature Review to understand more about this project.

Week 3

For this week I were asked to list out all input and output i/o to be used in cx programmer. This is the part of table that need to be filled to assist the project.

Week 4

This week I do Chapter 1 of project report. In this chapter it consist of the introduction of the project that include problem background, problem statement, research objectives, scope of study and structure of report.

Week 5

This is a circuit controller that designed to be as specific as in industry level. En Khairul teach me a lot about this board and how its work in this project. I learn how to make the wiring, the functionality of circuit breaker,VSD, AC and DC source, and how engineer need to design this board. There are still many names that I am not familiar with but this is the great opportunity to learn many things. 

Week 6

This week I do wiring on level sensors and flow rate sensors. Connecting these sensors to PLC are a bit tricky that need to be considered such as the output of the sensors itself ( 0-5V or 4-20mA) , the port available in PLC ( all 4 analog port) , setting the range in cx programmer and tiny toggle button that need to set in order for PLC to know the sensor use Voltage input or current input. I learned how to be a designer engineer that need to consider all these parameter and how to ease operator to handle this kind of machine. In this picture brown = VCC , blue = GND and Orange= signal.

Week 7

After I done wiring, it is time to do scaling. En Shukri, my previous lecturer on Hydraulic and Pneumatic System is the one that help me a lot in doing scaling and teach me technique on site. The function of scaling is to teach PLC to give value that we want according to value of sensors. As we know, output from sensors always give value in voltage or current, but we want real value such as level or speed of water flow instead. Below is video on how to do scaling that I make so that I will not forget this valuable knowledge. Picture below is 4 to 20mA flow rate sensor that currently been used in my FYP project.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Xw1VTf1Zps

Week 8

This is a circuit connection that consist of Wheatstone Bridge with a slider. The function of slider is to control the motor speed by varying the resistance. Then I redesign the slider in cx supervisor so that I can control the motor inside the Scada itself.

Week 9

I am joining Introduction of Data Collection, a 1 Day Hands On Course as assistant trainer for Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan. I assist En Shukri and Dr Shafishuhaza on explaining how data been collected from PLC and how to process the data as Process Engineer. This data is crucial for any automation project, so this data need to be accurate real time value. Beside that, I am very grateful to gain knowledge so that I can further upgrade the quality of my project.

Week 10

For week 10, I have done designing the frontend of SCADA system using CX-Supervisor. The left side we have the infographic of the real system that have real time levelling indicator meaning that the level water animation is in real time. On right side we have control button and exact value from its memory. On top of the SCADA we have basic function such as login, project overview, data acquisition and many more.

Week 11

In week 11 I done data collection on level sensors, flowrate sensor and speed of rotating motor respectively. In CX-Supervisor, there is a function called ExportandViewLog whereby for every data from sensors, we can save and plot it into appropriate graph. Below are the trend of system that run 30 minutes.

Week 12

This is the project algorithm that I currently made. For each specific level of water tanks, there will be specific decisions that maintain the level of water. In future I will improved the algorithm so that the automation will be smooth and achieve desired time.

Week 1

Water distribution system is defined as water utility components for distribution of treated water by means of gravity or pumps through distribution pumping networks to customers. The goal and expected results for FYP 2 are as follow:

• To develop optimized algorithm for water level automation in a lab-bench water distribution system
• To monitor and control the system remotely via web based system.

Week 2 

How does the test bed/prototype help to achieve the objective of the experimental?

The water level is measured by a water level sensor and flow meter sensor which provides a high accuracy of measurement. The water pump’s speed is controlled by the utilization of Variable Speed Drive (VSD). The flow rate sensor is used to monitor the flow rate of water in pipe to make sure the consistency of the reading when water level fall into dead zone. The proposed system is able to control the water level automatically, continuously thus improving the system overall efficiency. 

On 21st March 2021, I went for a site visit at treatment water plant SAJ Semangar with Dr Shafishuhaza Sahlan, En Khairul Ijlal and Fathen Amira by car. SAJ Semangar is located at Jalan Kulai Kota Tinggi which is approximately 50km from UTM. This place builded on 2002 with a starting area of 183 acre. It got the raw water sources from Johor River. It supplied water to Johor Bharu, Nusajaya, Skudai, Senai, Sedenak and Bandar Petrijaya. Phase 1 was builded on 2004 that capable of supplying water up to 159 million liter per day (MLD). Then, phase 2 began 9 years after phase 1 adding another 159MLD due to increased demand of clean water. Now, the water treatment plant can supply water up to 318 MLD.

The objective of SAJ Semangar site visit was to gain knowledge on the application of PLC on industrial level. Other than that, we also want to know about how the actuators and transducers that have been used in the site are capable to lead the system to automation. Third is to identify what parameters that can be upgraded so that the automation can run smoother, and therefore further assist my FYP 2 project.

Upon arrival at 10.35 am , firstly, a briefing of safety precautions such as gathering area for emergency and proper helmet  was lectured by En Azmi. After that, we were exposed to various equipments that were used in the site. All types and specifications of PLC, actuators and motors were been told during these sessions. Then, En Azmi further explained about the process of water treatment plant from raw water to clean water as follow:

1. Raw water intake
2. Aerator
3. Mixing Chamber
4. Clarifier
5. Filter
6. Buffer tank
7. Elevated tank

• i)Chemical building
• ii)Chlorification building
• iii) Backwash building
• iv)Genset Building
• v)Admin building

 The following are general observations made during the site visit :

General Process in Water Treatment

Aerator

Mixing Chamber

Clarifier Building

Filter

Buffer Tank

Chemical (Lime) Building

Week 3

Design Experiment

1.Draft the designing of experiment

2.Will the experiment help to achieve the objectives?

2. The idea is that we want to connect Omron PLC to Raspberry Pi so that the IO on PLC can be controlled by Raspberry Pi thus HMI web based. For goal number 1 stated at Week 1, the goal was achieved during FYP1. Next for FYP2, the hypothesis is that the experiment stated by infographic above will help to achieve the goals whereby to monitor and control the system remotely via web based system.

On 10 April 2021, I attended online AI Workshop via Google Meet to further enhance my current knowledge so that I can utilize WDS automation with AI features. I gained some ideas regarding Control Neural Network and several hands-on on it.

Week 4

Initial Data Analysis:

In this system, two liquid level sensors are used at reservoir tank and clear water tank. Figure below shows the reading of the liquid level sensor at reservoir tank with respect to the height of the tank. From the graph, we can see that liquid level sensors give acceptable range of output voltage as it increases almost linearly as the water in tank increases.

Week 5

Pitfalls: What are the unsuspected difficulties faced in order to achieve the goals of experiment?

On Sunday, I went to Instrumental Lab to do HMI experimental to connect PLC to Raspberry pi. The unsuspected difficulties is when I tried to do the coding then suddenly there are several bugs that hard to solve. As a results, I need to search for another alternative to make this outcome achievable.

Week 6

Continue with previous week progress, I tried to explore more on connection PLC to Raspberry Pi but only some of the reference were legit. When I tried to redo their experiment exactly as their literature, I did not achieved the same result and some of them even not working. After some try and error, I decided to do simple HMI by using firebase.

Week 7

This week I am working on changing new VSD that supported Modbus protocol communication supervised by En Khairul Ijlal. This VSD also can give information on how much current and voltage received by motor pump to further upgrade automation of the system. I am also setup the connection of the VSD and setting on VSD that have certain combination of numbers that need to refer to datasheet in order for VSD to work properly. Then, me and En Ijlal also make some changes to our system by changing the piping and make maintanence of flow rate sensors.

Week 8

Figure below shows an experiment done to connect Raspberry Pi with PLC Omron. The PLC used is CP1L, a newer PLC that has Ethernet port but comes with less IO ports. Ethernet switch is used due to its reliable data transfer and easy plug and play connection. The ethernet cable were connected to PC, Raspberry Pi and PLC altogether as PC is used to program ladder diagram, PLC as main controller and Raspberry Pi to program Python language as micro controller. To check whether the connection is successful, ip.config is used to make sure all devices have a same IP address. The result of this experiment turns out that all devices are following IP address of the PLC. Although this experiment cannot be implemented yet in the system, but it can be deduced that Wi-Fi connection is also applicable as Wi-Fi also used the same methodology.

Week 9

This week I were departed to my hometown for Hari Raya Holiday. Unfortunately, after few days, Johor Bharu was announced as PKPD area. I were instructed to work from home and not allowed to go back to UTM. As a result, I cannot go to lab as usual. So I further my progress with firebase by using NodeMcu. I tried to build the website framework and database to get the value of sensors. Luckily, there are a lot of references in youtube . One of the reference is as follow:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oS7fdTDajmw

Week 10

At first, all things that I try lead to errors. At last, I finally found some decent tutorial to setup my arduino. Firstly, I need to include library of FirebaseArduino at GitHub website. Then, I need to download ArduinoJson library that is build in Arduino IDE software. This step is where I make mistake whereby I download it at other website and manually insert it. The library version must be version 5.13.1 or else the error code will appear. Finally, upload the code into NodeMCU. I am having trouble where my cable is not data cable and my laptop port is not functioning well. 

Week 11

This is the general representation for 3 buttons in Firebase Realtime Database. Note that this is just a simple graphical method that using only text formatting as this experiment just to approve the functionality of the programming. The first line is title of the project which is set as default. Second line which is 123 indicate authentic code so that NodeMCU can identify and recognize the database. Then, the states line representing the condition of 3 buttons that labelled 001, 002 and 003. In this case, the database already preset the buttons to be true, false and true accordingly. It can be proved that the program can be set in in database website preset by end users and NodeMCU can received the command and act accordingly.

Week 12

For this week I prepare my journal and thesis for FYP2. I also done my slide presentation for FYP2 Viva. During the presentation, I present well enough and get good encouragement from the judges. After that, I do some troubleshooting on connecting firebase and NodeMCU.