Aeronautical engineering encompasses all aspects of studies related to flying. In this respect, flying includes aerospace flight. The areas of specialisation in Aeronautical Engineering can be divided into the following:-
a) Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics is the relationship between air (wind) and the material (solid) that moves in it. Various principles of Fluid Mechanics are considered in a flying problem. For example, aerodynamic study will determine a suitable shape for an aircraft, missile, etc.
b) Structure
This area will determine the integrity (strength) of a flying body such as an aircraft or a missile. Using dimensions and tolerances, strength of material, shear flow and theory of thin plate, the structure of an aircraft can be determined.
c) Flight Propulsion
Propulsion is a study of an aircraft power plant. This study includes design and selection of appropriate power plant for a particular aircraft. This field has developed vastly since the increase in the cost of petroleum. Engineers have been competing to invent lighter and more economic power plants.
d) Avionics
Avionics is the acronym for ‘Aviation Electronics’. Flying has been facilitated by the use of various electronic devices. Electronic devices which facilitate flying such as radars, ILS (Instrument landing System), ADF (Automatic Direction Finder), etc were specifically invented by the Avionic Engineer. The Avionic Engineer will also ensure that the radar fitted on an aircraft will function satisfactorily.
e) Management
The aircraft industry has expanded tremendously during this decade. The industry requires experts to manage and administer its operation smoothly. Regulations concerning the construction and operations of aircraft have been so devised in order to avoid accidents and mistakes which may sacrifice lives.
f) Transportation
Apart from transporting passengers, an aircraft is also used as cargo carriers, ambulance, etc. Study in this area trains transportation experts to modify flight schedule and load so that the aircraft can be used economically.
g) Flight Regulations
To avoid accidents, the flying fraternity has formulated special laws for flying. Briefly the laws are divided into two, namely military flight regulations and public flight regulations.
h) Materials for Aircraft
This field focuses its study on selecting and determining metals, plastic composites, etc, which are suitable for building an aircraft, rocket, etc.